Species Identification of Sarcosaprophagous Flies Based on Vein Digital Image Analysis / 法医学杂志

Objective To identify species of common sarcosaprophagous flies based on digital image analysis of veins, in order to provide new idea for fast and accurate species identification of sarcosaprophagous flies in forensic entomology. Methods Random trapping of 226 male and female sarcosaprophagous flies that comprised of 7 common species, including Sarcophaga peregrina, Parasarcophaga ruficornis, Sarcophaga dux, Seniorwhitea reciproca, Bercaea cruentata, Aldrichina grahami, and Synthesiomysia nudiseta with carrion in the field was conducted. The 17 landmarks on the right wing of each fly were digitally processed and the images were analyzed. The effects of allometry were evaluated using a permutation test. Wing shape variations among 7 sarcosaprophagous fly species and female species was analyzed using canonical variate analysis （CVA）. Additionally, cross-validation test was used to evaluate the reliability of classification. Results Among 7 sarcosaprophagous fly species and female species, the effect of allometry had statistical significance （P<0.05）. The CVA results showed that among 7 sarcosaprophagous fly species and female species, differences in the wing shape were significant, and the first two canonical variates accounted for 82.9% and 84.1% of the total variation of vein shape. Vein digital image analysis can be used to separate the 7 common sarcosaprophagous flies, with an overall species identification accuracy of 81.2%-100.0%, and with a species identification accuracy of 75.0%-100.0% to distinguish the female flies of the 7 sarcosaprophagous flies species. Conclusion Vein digital image analysis is a relatively convenient and reliable method for identification of insect species, which can be used for species identification of common sarcosaprophagous flies.

Progress and Application of Entomological Evidence in Forensic Science / 法医学杂志

Entomological evidence provides entry points and clues for cases detection, in terms of estimation of the postmortem interval （PMI）, and place and cause of death. In recent years, the feasibility of entomological evidence in practice has been proved by theories and cases. It especially plays an important role in the investigation of cases with unnatural death, no monitoring, and highly corrupt cadaver. However, there are still some key issues to be further studied and standardized before the application of entomological evidence to forensic practice, to improve the effect of entomological evidence in forensic investigation and trial. This paper retrospectively reviews key studies of the application of entomological evidence in forensic science, mainly including discussion of forensic entomology inspection standard, identification studies of sarcosaprophagous insect species, collection of sarcosaprophagous insect growth and succession data under different environments and forensic entomotoxicology. With the rapid development of information technology and biotechnology, applying artificial intelligence and whole genome sequencing technology in forensic entomology has become a new research direction, which can improve the application value and range of entomological evidence in forensic science.

The key instructions of acupuncture manipulation by Prof. Zhang Jin / 中国针灸

Prof. ZHANG Jin began study on the acupuncture manipulation skills from 1950s, his study covered seven aspects. Based on the ancient texts of Instruction of Acupuncture Canon: Reinforcing and Reducing Methods (by DOU Han-Qing) and Qiong Yao Book and Acupuncture, twenty-four single manipulations were summarized. This paper introduces the basic theory and specific procedure and clinical applications for the manipulation methods, such as Xun-fa, She-fa, Pan-fa, Cuo-fa, Fei-fa etc.

Clinical observation on combination of source point and Back-Shu Point for treatment of perimenopausal syndrome / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of combination of Source Point and Back-Shu Point on perimenopausal syndrome, and provide a new thought of therapy for perimenopausal syndrome.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty cases of perimenopausal syndrome were randomly divided into a combination of Source Point and Back-Shu Point group and a routine acupuncture group, 40 cases in each group. The combination of Source Point and Back-Shu Point group was treated with acupuncture at Taixi (KI 3), Taichong (LR 3), Taibai (SP 3), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Shenshu (BL 23), Ganshu (BL 18), Pishu (BL 20), Guanyuan (CV 4); and the routine acupuncture group was treated with acupuncture at Baihui (GV 20), Guanyuan (CV 4), Shenshu (BL 23), Taixi (KI 3), San-yinjiao (SP 6). The Kupperman score and the changes of serum estradiol (E2), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were observed before and after treatment in the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate of 92.5% in the combination of Source Point and Back-Shu Point group was superior to 80.0% in the routine acupuncture group, with a significant difference (P < 0. 05); the Kupperman score of 24. 85 +/- 8.35 in the combination of Source Point and Back-Shu Point group was significantly decreased as compared with 35.38 +/- 9.83 in the routine acupuncture group (P < 0.05) after treatment; the contents of E2, FSH and LH in the combination of Source Point and Back-Shu Point group were significantly improved after treatment, and with a significant difference compared to the routine acupuncture group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Combination of Source Point and Back-Shu Point has a benign regulation function for E2, FSH and LH, and can significantly improve the Kupperman score, is superior to routine acupuncture for perimenopausal syndrome.</p>

Clinical study on acupuncture combined with rehabilitation therapy for treatment of poststroke shoulder-hand syndrome / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe therapeutic effect of acupuncture combined with rehabilitation therapy on poststroke shoulder-hand syndrome.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty cases of poststroke shoulder-hand syndrome were randomly divided into an acupuncture-rehabilitation group, an acupuncture group and a rehabilitation group, 40 cases in each group. The acupuncture-rehabilitation group were treated with acupuncture at Jianyu (LI 15), Jianqian, Jianliao (TE 14), etc. in combination with motor therapy (rehabilitation training), the acupuncture group with simple acupuncture therapy, and the rehabilitation group with simple motor therapy. Upper extremity motor function, pain, joint activity were used for assessment of therapeutic effects.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate of 87.5% in the acupuncture-rehabilitation group was significantly better than 67.5% in the acupuncture group and 65.0% in the rehabilitation group (P<0.01); acupuncture combined with rehabilitation therapy could significantly improve upper limb motor function, pain and joint activity with very significant differences as compared with the acupuncture group and the rehabilitation group (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acupuncture combined with rehabilitation therapy has a high cured rate and an obvious therapeutic effect on poststroke shoulder-hand syndrome.</p>

Clinical observation on acupuncture with pushing manipulation for treatment of finger flexion in the patient of poststroke / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare therapeutic effects of acupuncture with pushing manipulation and routine acupuncture on finger flexion in the patient of poststroke.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty cases were randomly divided into a group of acupuncture with pushing manipulation and a routine acupuncture group. Hegu (LI 4), Houxi (SI 3), Waiguan (TE 5) were selected in the both groups. For the group of acupuncture with pushing manipulation (n=42), after arrival of qi acupuncture with pushing manipulation was given, the needle was inserted forcedly downwards, heavily thrust and lightly lifted with the thumb forward and the index-finger backward, and the needle was retained for 30 min. For the routine acupuncture group, after arrival of qi the needle was retained for 30 min. The therapeutic effects were assessed by modified Ashworth spastic rating and activity of metacarpophalangeal articulations after treatment of 30 days and 60 days in the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate of 81.0% in the group of acupuncture with pushing manipulation was significantly better than 57.9% in the routine acupuncture group (P<0.05); there was a significant or a very significant difference between the two groups in changes of the spastic degree and the activity of metacarpophalangeal articulations after treatment (P<0.05, P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acupuncture with pushing manipulation has a definite therapeutic effect on finger flexion in the patient of poststroke.</p>

Effects of head point-through-point electroacupuncture on SOD and LPO in the patient of Parkinson's disease / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe clinical therapeutic effect of head point-through-point electroacupuncture on Parkinson's disease and the mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy-six cases of Parkinson's disease were randomly divided into a treatment group (n=37) treated with head point-through-point electroacupuncture and oral administration of madopa, and a control group (n=39) with only oral administration of madopa. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lipids peroxides (LPO) were determined before and after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The effective rate was 97.3% in the treatment group and 61.5% in the control group with a very significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.01). SOD activity and LPO content were significantly improved after treatment in the treatment group (P < 0.01), with a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Head point-through-point electroacupuncture can improve SOD activity and LPO content in the body so as to cure Parkinson's disease.</p>